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America's second loss (after Sputnik) in the space race.
On 12 April 1961, cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human in outer space and the first to orbit the Earth.
American Alan Shepard made a suborbital flight on 5 May 1961.
John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth almost a year after Gagarin, on 20 February 1962.