Remember to make a backup copy of the files you wish to edit before starting!!!!
You can use a program like Notepad to get into the Aircraft.cfg file of the plane you want to change, and look down through the headings below the [flightsim01] etc area till you find something looking like
[fuel]
LeftMain=0.0, -14.5, -1.0, 185.0, 0.0 //Longitudinal (feet), Lateral (feet), Vertical (feet), Usable(gallons), Unusable (gallons)
LeftAux=0.0, -6.0, -1.5, 70, 0.0 //Longitudinal (feet), Lateral (feet), Vertical (feet), Usable(gallons), Unusable (gallons)
RightMain=0.0, 14.5, -1.0, 185.0, 0.0 //Longitudinal (feet), Lateral (feet), Vertical (feet), Usable(gallons), Unusable (gallons)
RightAux=0.0, 6.0, -1.5, 70, 0.0 //Longitudinal (feet), Lateral (feet), Vertical (feet), Usable(gallons), Unusable (gallons)
fuel_type=2 //Fuel type: 1 = Avgas, 2 = JetA
number_of_tank_selectors=1
electric_pump=1
You can either make the "useable Gallons" number (4th mumber in the sequences after the tank name) larger, or add a tank. There are only so many tanks the game will accept per aircraft, and on something like a 747, most are probably taken up already.
Save your work and fly!
Another way is to open the Aircraft.cfg file of the plane you
like, find the [fuel] section as above and then copy it directly over the [fuel] section of the plane you want to modify. Not above of, instead of, if you see my point.
Bear in mind, that adding fuel quantity will affect your weight-n-balance, at 6.68 (roughly) pounds per gallon. So you add 100 gallons of fuel, you have added nearly 700 lbs of weight, and probably well aft or to one side of your center point, so it can throw off your WB calculations. You will be able to carry that much less freight or passengers, and you have to watch you balance point. Too far fow'd or aft and the plane won't fly no mo!

It will either nose up and crash, or nose down and never take off.
I strongly reccommend reading through
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc526949.aspx#mozTocId136011. Tons and tons of useful info in it, and there are writeups for all the other files FS uses to make your Airplane fly too!
Good luck, and remember:
MAKE BACKUPS!!!Pat☺