It's nothing really to do with the quality of the lenses, or even the amount of glass in them - it's more to do with their complexity. For example, a macro zoom lens has to do more mechanically than a fixed focal length non-macro lens. Since f-stops are a measure of light transmission, the more a lens has to do, then the less its maximum aperture is likely to be. So in 35mm terms, a 50 mm standard lens may have a maximum aperture of say f1.7 (which means that the amount of light leaving the rear of the lens is 1/1.7 of the light that entered the front of the lens) whereas a zoom which includes 50mm as part of its range (say 35-70mm) may have a maximum aperture of f3.5 or f4 because the mechanical complexity is such that the lens may not be physically capable of transmitting the amount of light that a fixed-focal-length lens could.
Any clearer?
