Ranger 8 was a spacecraft designed to achieve a lunar impact trajectory and to transmit high-resolution photographs of the lunar surface during the final minutes of flight up to impact.
Why?
Ranger 8 took the first close up photos of Mare Tranquillitatis, the site of first manned landing. Ranger close-ups showed for the first time that even areas on the Moon which looked smooth from Earth were peppered with small impact craters.
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