313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule.
711 - Islamic conquest of Hispania: Moorish troops led by Tariq ibn-Ziyad land at Gibraltar to begin their invasion of the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus).
1006 - Supernova SN 1006, the brightest supernova in recorded history, appears in the constellation Lupus.
1483 - Orbital calculations suggest that on this day Pluto moved inside Neptune's orbit until July 23, 1503.
1492 - Spain gives Christopher Columbus his commission of exploration.
1671 - Petar Zrinski, the Croatian Ban from the Zrinski family, is executed.
1794 - The Battle of Boulou is fought, in which French forces defeated the Spanish under General Union.
1789 - On the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York City, George Washington takes the oath of office to become the first elected President of the United States.
1803 - Louisiana Purchase: The United States purchases the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, more than doubling