1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
1335 - Otto the Merry, Duke of Austria, becomes Duke of Carinthia.
1568 - Mary I of Scotland escapes from Loch Leven Castle, where she had been imprisoned by Sir William Douglas.
1670 - King Charles II of England grants a permanent charter to the Hudson's Bay Company to open up the fur trade in North America.
1672 - John Maitland becomes Duke of Lauderdale and Earl of March.
1808 - Peninsular War: The people of Madrid rise up in rebellion against French occupation.
1816 - L
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