Sparta was a military city-state; at the time, I believe it was co-ruled by three generals. A baby born with a defect wasn't killed but was set out alone on a hillside to fend for itself
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if it survived it had won its right to live. Boys were entered into military training at 5 years of age so, basically, most all citizen Spartans were not only 'regular' but 'professional' soldiers. Many of the other city-states had enlistees in their ranks. The Thebans also managed a valiant part of the defense for a time.
I don't agree with your numbers (other than 300 Spartans), although I'm remembering from, like, prior to 6th grade. The average estimate of the imperial guard, that was finally engaged against the Greeks due to the mounting losses of regulars, I believe was only ten-thousand. There were more reserves and replacements on the way for the latter part of the invasion.
When I was about 9 or 10 I started a sort of camping club and each camp had its own flag and we had our little wars with one another. One of the 1st camps on our property used for training (made our own sling shots, bows, etc. -- no, I never shot anyone with a actual arrow!) was Argos (Argos was the dominant city-state in the Peloponnisos prior to Sparta). In the past I began writing stories, reverting those camps into city-states (we'd actually wound up with more camps than people; interesting aspect for traitorism in our wars). My textures for my WW2 planes in CFS1 have been given insignias respective to those camps.
[Sheesh!:P... great post, Kevin -- look what you made me do
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